The Philippine Supreme Court convened its second round of oral arguments on Tuesday, April 21, to examine petitions challenging the legality of unprogrammed appropriations and special accounts in the national budget. The hearings cover disputes spanning three fiscal years: a challenge to a P448.5-billion bicameral insertion in the 2024 General Appropriations Act (funds added by a joint congressional committee without prior approval), a petition questioning a near-doubling of the Department of Public Works and Highways' Special Road Fund in the 2025 budget, and a bid to strike down unprogrammed appropriations in the 2026 budget. The cases carry significant implications for fiscal accountability in the Philippines, as petitioners argue these allocations bypass constitutional spending rules.