Japan's government has abolished its so-called "five categories" rule, which had long limited defence equipment exports to non-lethal purposes such as rescue, transport, and minesweeping operations. The overhaul — described as the biggest change to Japan's defence export policy in decades — now allows the transfer of lethal weapons, including warships and missiles, on a case-by-case basis, while retaining broad principles on strict screening and a ban on sales to countries engaged in conflict. The shift, approved under Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, marks a significant departure from Japan's postwar pacifist tradition and comes as allies including Poland and the Philippines explore procurement options amid strained US weapons production and growing uncertainty over Washington's security commitments.