A court in Koblenz, Germany has ruled that Germany's border controls breach the Schengen Agreement (the EU treaty guaranteeing free movement of people across most European borders), finding that the government's justification — that migration levels are overwhelming authorities — is too vague to meet the treaty's narrow exceptions. The case was brought by a criminal law professor who was himself stopped at the German-Luxembourg border last year while returning home from a celebration marking the Schengen Agreement's 40th anniversary. The Merz government says the ruling applies only to that individual incident and not to border controls broadly, has announced it will appeal, and will continue the checks, which have drawn growing criticism from Dutch border towns where the controls have repeatedly caused traffic jams and accidents.