The head of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Rafael Grossi, has warned that any new nuclear agreement with Iran cannot simply replicate the 2015 deal, known as the JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action). Grossi noted that Iran's nuclear capabilities have advanced considerably since that accord was struck, meaning a future framework must be built around present-day realities rather than a decade-old blueprint. The remarks underscore the complexity facing diplomats as they work to curb Iran's nuclear programme amid the fallout from recent regional conflict.