Russia has intensified its missile campaign against Kyiv, increasingly deploying fast-moving ballistic missiles that give residents as little as four minutes' warning before impact — sometimes less. The shift away from aircraft, whose movements can be tracked in advance, has made Ukraine's air-raid alert system far less predictable, with sirens now sounding at all hours and disrupting schools, businesses, and public transport across the Ukrainian capital. Residents describe mounting exhaustion and anxiety, with some commuting hours daily to sleep outside the city, while others — unable to leave — improvise shelter behind mattresses and wardrobes, as calls grow louder for Ukraine's allies to supply additional air-defence interceptors.