A new Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between France and Portugal took effect on 12 April, having been signed in Porto in February 2025 by President Emmanuel Macron and Portuguese Prime Minister Luís Montenegro. The agreement prioritises defence cooperation — including protection of critical infrastructure and cybersecurity — as well as economic support for small and medium-sized businesses, Atlantic maritime sustainability, and greater electrical grid interconnection with the Iberian Peninsula (following a major regional blackout earlier this year). The treaty also forms part of Macron's broader effort to formalise bilateral partnerships within the EU, following similar agreements with Germany, Italy, and Poland, and carries particular social weight given that roughly 1.7 million Portuguese nationals live in France, making them the country's third-largest foreign community.