Amnesty International has published a report accusing the AFC/M23 armed group of serious human rights abuses at mining sites it controls in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The organisation documented the summary execution of 18 artisanal miners across two sites — Rubaya in North Kivu and Lomera in South Kivu — with victims beaten to death, shot, or found dead after being abducted, while at least 16 others reported torture or mistreatment and more than 20 workers were allegedly held in an underground cell and beaten three times daily. Amnesty also alleges that gold and coltan extracted under forced labour conditions were illegally transported to Rwanda, and that neither AFC/M23 nor Rwandan authorities responded to the organisation's requests for comment.