Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi signed a joint declaration on economic security during a bilateral leaders' meeting, committing both countries to closer cooperation on trade, energy, critical minerals, and emerging technologies. The agreement builds on long-standing fossil fuel ties — Australia supplies roughly 40% of Japan's liquefied natural gas imports — but signals a pivot toward shared green industrial goals, with Japan's Green Transformation policy and Australia's Future Made in Australia initiative overlapping in areas such as hydrogen, green metals, and renewable manufacturing. The partnership comes amid friction over proposed Australian export taxes on LNG and domestic climate regulations, making a coordinated decarbonisation roadmap increasingly urgent for both nations, which have each pledged to reach net zero emissions by 2050.