A new report from Australian researchers has found thousands of stateless people — those recognised by no country as legal nationals — are living in prolonged legal uncertainty in Australia, with no clear pathway to permanent residency or citizenship. Based on analysis of more than 800 tribunal and court decisions and nearly 100 interviews, the report documents how gaps in legislation and bureaucratic delays leave stateless individuals, many of them Rohingya from Myanmar, cycling through short-term visas that repeatedly disrupt access to healthcare, education, and employment. The authors call on Australia to follow the lead of the United Kingdom, France, and the Netherlands, which have established formal statelessness determination procedures that provide residency rights and a route to naturalisation.