Germany's Kammergericht (Berlin's highest state court) is trying Anwar S., an alleged local commander of Syria's Shabiha militia, for crimes against humanity committed during the early months of the 2011 uprising. Prosecutors allege he led attacks on anti-government protesters outside a mosque in Aleppo's Saif al-Dawla district and deliberately handed detainees over to Syrian military intelligence units notorious for torture, with eight specific incidents cited between April and November 2011. A federal criminal investigator testified that key evidence includes covert video footage cross-referenced with satellite imagery, showing a man in a distinctive striped shirt directing violence — footage that helped reconstruct events nearly 15 years after the fact.