The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) warns that Sudan's conflict, now entering its third year since fighting erupted in April 2023, has displaced approximately 14 million people — making it the largest displacement crisis on Earth — including 9 million internally displaced and 4.4 million who have fled to neighbouring countries such as Chad, Egypt, and South Sudan. Widespread human rights violations continue across Darfur, Kordofan, and Blue Nile State, with women and girls facing heightened risks of sexual violence and over 58,000 children arriving in neighbouring countries alone and separated from their families. Relief efforts are severely hampered by a funding shortfall, with aid organisations having received only 16% of the $2.8 billion needed for operations inside Sudan and just 8% of the $1.6 billion sought for the regional refugee response.