Mauritius is conducting active mosquito surveillance programmes to guard against the reintroduction of malaria, a disease the Indian Ocean island nation eliminated decades ago. Authorities are monitoring mosquito populations and their habitats to detect any early signs of the Anopheles mosquito, the primary vector of the malaria parasite, before an outbreak can take hold. The effort underscores the ongoing public health challenge faced by malaria-free nations, where relaxed vigilance can allow the disease to re-establish itself through travel, migration, or shifting mosquito ranges driven by climate change.