Brazil's state energy company Petrobras has resumed exploratory drilling near the mouth of the Amazon River despite a January spill of up to 18,000 litres of toxic drilling fluid, raising alarm among fishing communities on Marajó Island (a large river island in the Amazon delta in northern Brazil). President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has defended the expansion of offshore oil extraction, arguing the revenues will finance Brazil's green energy transition, but critics point out the country already set a record in June by producing 4.475 million barrels per day and has significant new reserves elsewhere. Residents and environmental groups warn that a major accident near the Amazon coral reef system could devastate livelihoods and ecosystems that local communities depend on for food and income.