The United Nations General Assembly has voted 141 to 8 in favour of a resolution affirming that states have a legal responsibility to cut greenhouse gas emissions and transition away from fossil fuels in a "just, orderly and equitable manner" toward net zero by 2050. The resolution, led by the Pacific island nation of Vanuatu and co-sponsored by 90 countries, builds on a 2025 advisory opinion by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and is seen by experts as adding significant political weight to climate diplomacy and domestic litigation efforts. Eight nations — including the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Russia — voted against the measure, while analysts say the scale of support signals that climate action is increasingly being pursued through multilateral forums beyond the annual COP negotiations.