A United States ban on imports of Canadian alcohol, dairy products and motorcycles has come into force, escalating an ongoing trade dispute between the two neighbours. The measures, first announced by President Donald Trump in executive orders signed on 8 September, affect nearly C$1 billion ($710 million) worth of Canadian liquor exports annually, along with whey products used in protein powder; they were introduced in response to Canada's own retaliatory tariffs on more than 700 American goods. Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney has described the bans as "relatively modest" in economic terms, and Ottawa has signalled it does not plan further retaliation, though industry groups and economists warn the restrictions add uncertainty to the broader Canada-US trading relationship.