Australia's first update to prostate cancer screening guidelines in a decade now recommends that men aged 50 to 69 discuss PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood testing with their doctor and consider being tested every two years, while those at higher genetic or family risk may begin at 45. The test, which measures a protein produced by the prostate gland, can indicate cancer but also returns false positives and cannot distinguish dangerous tumours from harmless ones, meaning overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment remain significant concerns. Experts stress that the decision should be made individually, weighing factors such as age, risk profile, and willingness to pursue follow-up procedures like an MRI or biopsy if results come back elevated.